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1.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 58(3): 294-299, set. 2020. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138584

ABSTRACT

Resumen La anosognosia es un trastorno neuropsicológico que genera en el paciente una incapacidad para tener un estado de conciencia pleno sobre su enfermedad o déficit, producto de una injuria cerebral. En este artículo reportamos el análisis de un caso que producto de un traumatismo craneoencefálico presentó esta alteración cerebral. El análisis neuropsicológico inicia con la descripción clínica del caso, su estado premórbido, el relato familiar del estado actual y un análisis neuropsicológico que sustenta la hipótesis diagnóstica de anosognosia. Se discute el caso presentado en base a la necesidad de realizar diagnósticos precisos y proponer programas de rehabilitación neuropsicológica para que los pacientes con anosognosia sufran el menor impacto posible en las actividades de su vida diaria producto del trastorno cerebral adquirido.


Anosognosia is a neuropsychological disorder that generates in the patient an inability to have a state of full awareness about their disease or deficit due to brain injury. In this article we report the analysis of a case that, due to a head injury, presented this brain disorder. The neuropsychological analysis begins with the clinical description of the case, its premorbid status, the family report of the current state and a neuropsychological analysis of the symptoms presented that support the diagnostic hypothesis of anosognosia. The case presented is discussed based on the need to make accurate diagnoses and propose neuropsychological rehabilitation programs so that patients with anosognosia suffer the least possible impact on the activities of their daily lives as a result of acquired brain disorder.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Awareness , Consciousness , Agnosia , Craniocerebral Trauma , Neuropsychology
2.
Estud. psicol. (Natal) ; 23(3): 201-211, jul./set. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | INDEXPSI, LILACS | ID: biblio-1008515

ABSTRACT

Impacto da Anosognosia Associada à Demência de Alzheimer na Qualidade de Vida de Cuidadores. A Demência de Alzheimer (DA) apresenta como um dos sintomas a anosognosia, um prejuízo na capacidade de o indivíduo julgar alterações decorrentes da doença. Relaciona-se a diversos comprometimentos cognitivo/comportamentais e é apontada como tendo significativo impacto sobre a qualidade de vida (QV) dos cuidadores. Avaliamos o impacto da anosognosia relacionada à DA sobre QV de cuidadores. Foram avaliados 50 pares paciente-cuidador com Exame Cognitivo de Addenbrooke, Questionário de Demência Ampliado e Escala de QV na DA. Observamos que cuidadores de pacientes com sinais de anosognosia apresentavam menores escores de QV, sendo que pacientes com sinais de anosognosia apresentam pior desempenho cognitivo. Escores de anosognosia e QV apresentaram correlação negativa, enquanto QV e quadro cognitivo apresentou correlação positiva. Controlando o funcionamento cognitivo, observamos que a anosognosia apresenta maior impacto na QV em indivíduos com quadro cognitivo mais grave. Palavras-chave: demência de alzheimer, qualidade de vida, cuidadores, anosognosia (AU).


Impacto de Anosognosia asociada a la demencia de Alzheimer en la calidad de vida de cuidadores. Anosognosia es uno de los síntomas de la demencia de Alzheimer (AD), y se considera que tiene un impacto significativo en la calidad de vida (QOL) de los cuidadores. Evaluamos el impacto de la anosognosia relacionada con AD en los cuidadores de calidad de vida. Hubo 50 pares paciente y su cuidador con el examen cognitivo de Addenbrooke, Cuestionario Ampliado de y Escala de calidad de vida. Hemos observado que los cuidadores de pacientes con signos anosognosia tenían menores puntuaciones de calidad de vida con los pacientes con peor rendimiento cognitivo. Anosognosia y la calidad de vida mostraron una correlación de negativa, mientras que la calidad de vida y el marco cognitivo presentaron correlación positiva. Controlando el funcionamiento cognitivo, observamos que la anosognosia tiene mayor impacto en la calidad de vida en pacientes con marco cognitivo más severo. Palabras clave: enfermedad de alzheimer, calidad de vida, cuidadores, anosognosia (AU).


Alzheimer's disease (AD) has anosognosia as one of its symptoms, defined as a change in the individual's ability to judge their difficulties, and is observed as having a significant impact on quality of life of caregivers. This study evaluated the impact of anosognosia related to AD in quality of life (QoL) of caregivers. Fifty AD patients were evaluated through the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination, Dementia Questionnaire ­ expanded, while caregivers were evaluated using the Scale of QoL in AD and Dementia Questionnaire (caregiver versions). We observed that caregivers of patients with signs of anosognosia had lower scores on QoL and these patients had worse cognitive scores. Anosognosia and QoL were negatively correlated, as QoL and cognitive functioning. Controlling for cognitive functioning, we observed that anosognosia has a greater impact on QoL in individuals with more severe cognitive impairments (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Quality of Life/psychology , Caregivers/psychology , Agnosia/psychology , Alzheimer Disease/complications , Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology , Brazil , Mental Health , Surveys and Questionnaires , Qualitative Research , Mental Status and Dementia Tests
3.
J Biosci ; 2016 Mar; 41(1): 3-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-181512
4.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 65(1): 99-109, jan.-mar. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-777339

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives To compare and discuss the objects of awareness in Alzheimer’s disease (AD): awareness of cognitive deficits, of functional activities, of social-emotional functioning and behavioral impairment. Methods A search in the PsycINFo, Pilots, PubMed/Medline and ISI electronic databases according to Prisma methodology was performed. We included studies about awareness in people with AD published between 2010 and 2015, with the combination of keywords: “Alzheimer AND awareness of deficits”, “Alzheimer AND anosognosia”, “Alzheimer AND insight”, “dementia AND awareness of deficits”, “dementia AND anosognosia”, “dementia AND insight”. The articles were categorized according to the specific object of awareness. Results Seven hundred and ten records were identified and, after application of the exclusion criteria, 191 studies were retrieved for potential use. After excluding the duplicates, 46 studies were included. Most studies assessed the cognitive domain of awareness, followed by the functional, social-emotional, and behavioral impairment domains. Memory deficits were not sufficient to explain impaired awareness in AD. Longitudinal studies did not find discrepancies between patients and caregivers’ reports, indicating that awareness is not related to cognition. Conflicting findings were observed, including the relation between awareness, mood, severity of disease, and personal characteristics. Conclusions The studies show lack of conceptual consensus and significant methodological differences. The inclusion of samples without differentiation of dementia etiology is associated to symptomatic differences, which affect awareness domains. Awareness in AD is a complex and multidimensional construct. Different objects elicit different levels of awareness.


RESUMO Objetivos Comparar e discutir os objetos de consciência na doença de Alzheimer (DA): consciência dos déficits cognitivos, das atividades funcionais, do funcionamento socioemocional e prejuízos comportamentais. Métodos Realizou-se uma busca nas bases de dados PsycINFo, Pilots, PubMed/Medline e ISI de acordo com a metodologia do Prisma. Os artigos incluídos, publicados entre 2010 e 2015, avaliavam a consciência na DA com as combinações de palavras-chave: “Alzheimer AND consciência do déficit”, “Alzheimer AND anosognosia”, “Alzheimer AND insight”, “demência AND consciência do déficit”, “demência AND anosognosia”, “demência AND insight”. Os artigos foram categorizados conforme os objetos específicos da consciência. Resultados Setecentos e dez estudos foram identificados e, após a aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, 191 foram selecionados. Após a exclusão dos duplicados, 46 estudos foram incluídos. A maioria dos estudos avaliou o domínio cognitivo da consciência, seguido do funcional, do funcionamento socioemocional e prejuízos comportamentais. Déficits na memória não se mostraram suficientes para explicar o prejuízo da consciência na DA. Os estudos longitudinais não encontraram discrepâncias entre os relatos de pacientes e cuidadores, indicando que a consciência não está relacionada à cognição. Observaram-se controvérsias nos resultados na relação entre consciência, humor, gravidade da doença e características pessoais. Conclusões Os estudos demonstraram falta de consenso conceitual e diferenças metodológicas significativas. A inclusão de amostras sem diferenciação da etiologia demencial está associada a diferenças sintomáticas que afetam os domínios da consciência. A consciência na DA é um constructo complexo e multidimensional. Diferentes objetos suscitam diferentes níveis de consciência.

5.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 37(3): 152-156, jul. set. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-764666

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate whether having general insight into bipolar disorder and its symptoms is affected by the mood state of the patient, using the Insight Scale for Affective Disorders, a hetero-application scale for people with mood disorders.Methods: Ninety-five patients with bipolar disorder were evaluated and divided into different groups according to the mood state presented during assessment (i.e., euthymia, mania and depression). Sociodemographic and clinical data (Hamilton Depression Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, and Clinical Global Impressions Scale) were recorded. Insight was evaluated using the Insight Scale for Affective Disorders.Results: Patients with bipolar disorder in mania show less insight about their condition than patients in depression or euthymia, and less insight about their symptoms than patients with depression, with the exception of awareness of weight change.Conclusions: Loss of insight during mania may have important implications for treatment compliance and adherence and needs to be taken into account in the clinical management of people with bipolar disorder.


Objetivo: Avaliar se o insight global sobre transtorno bipolar e sobre seus sintomas é afetado pelo estado de humor do paciente, usando a Escala de Insight para Transtornos Afetivos, uma escala de heteroaplicação para pacientes com transtorno do humor.Métodos: Noventa e cinco pacientes com transtorno bipolar foram avaliados e divididos em diferentes grupos de acordo com o estado de humor presente durante a avaliação (i.e., eutimia, mania e depressão). Dados sociodemográficos e clínicos (Escala de Depressão de Hamilton, Escala de Avaliação de Mania de Young e Escala de Impressão Clínica Global) foram registrados. Oinsight foi avaliado usando a Escala de Insight para Transtornos Afetivos.Resultados: Pacientes bipolares em mania apresentaram menor insightsobre sua condição do que pacientes em depressão ou eutimia, e menorinsight sobre seus sintomas do que pacientes em depressão, exceto para consciência de mudança de peso.Conclusões: A perda de insight durante a mania pode ter importantes implicações para aceitação do e aderência ao tratamento e precisa ser levada em conta no manejo clínico de pacientes bipolares.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Self Concept , Awareness , Bipolar Disorder/psychology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Psychological Tests , Depression/psychology , Middle Aged
6.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-152699

ABSTRACT

Aims: The aim of the present study was to assess sensory integration ability of OCD patients with poor and good insight using a Haptic Test for adults. Study Design: Experimental design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Psychiatry, University of Leipzig, between October 2010 and Mai 2013 Methodology: Results of 23 OCD out patients (7 poor insight, 16 good insight) and 23 healthy control subjects, matched for age and sex were compared. Visual-haptic integration was measured using the Haptic Figures Test (HFT). Results: The analysis showed significant differences between the groups in their number of errors (F (2,43) = 4.68, p<.05) and mean total exploration time (F (2,43) = 9.00, p<.005). Post hoc analyses revealed that OCD patients with poor insight made significantly more mistakes and used longer exploration times than OCD patients with good insight and healthy adults. Conclusion: The results are indicative of the necessity to use differentiated analyses and group comparisons of patients with OCD. The striking results of OCD patients with poor insight may indicate a deficit in sensory integration especially for this subgroup.

7.
Rev. chil. neuropsicol. (En línea) ; 9(1,n.esp): 31-37, feb.2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-783437

ABSTRACT

Disturbances in body awareness offer important insights into neurocognitive processes involved in the construction of the bodily self. This review will focus ona specific disorder of awareness, namely, anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP), or the denial of motor deficits contralateral to a brain lesion. Recently some progress has been made towards the management and rehabilitation of AHP, however to date no evidence-based treatment exists. Firstly, recent research on AHP will be reviewed, with the aim of providing an overview of the etiology, clinical presentation and assessment of the syndrome, as well as the majorneurological and neuropsychological explanations. This article will then focus on recent advances in the management and rehabilitation of AHP, using a casestudy example of intervention-based (i.e. video replay) motor awareness recovery (Fotopoulou, Rudd, Holmes & Kopelman, 2009). Finally, a dynamic theoreticalmodel of the multifaceted nature of anosognosia, using a predictive coding framework, will be proposed and future directions for research will also be discussed...


Subject(s)
Humans , Agnosia/etiology , Agnosia/rehabilitation , Awareness/physiology , Hemiplegia/complications , Hemiplegia/rehabilitation , Stroke/complications
8.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 7(2): 197-205, jun. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-677961

ABSTRACT

Anosognosia, impairment insight and unawareness of deficits are used as equivalent terms in this study. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the presence of anosognosia symptoms and cognitive domains, functional abilities, and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (pAD) and elderly controls (EC). METHODS: Twenty-one pAD (14 women) and twenty-two EC (16 women) were submitted to a neuropsychological battery of tests assessing global cognitive status, and specific cognitive functions: memory, executive and attention functions, verbal fluency and visuoconstructive abilities. Additionally, functional abilities (FAQ) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPI) were measured. RESULTS: The linear regression statistical test found general anosognosia to be associated with subjective memory complaints, age and Arithmetic-DRS in the EC group. On the other hand, cognitive and functional abilities scores (Arithmetic-DRS, IQCODE and FAQ) were the best predictors in pAD patients, particularly for behavioral awareness. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that different variables are associated with self-awareness for pAD patients and EC, but for both groups executive functions appear to play an important role, contributing particularly to awareness of behavioral changes.


Anosognosia, comprometimento do insight e ausência de reconhecimento de déficits são usados como termos equivalentes neste estudo. OBJETIVO: Investigar a relação entre a presença de sintomas de anosognosia e domínios cognitivos, habilidades funcionais, e sintomas neuropsiquiátricos em pacientes com provável doença de Alzheimer (pAD) e idosos controles. MÉTODOS: vinte e um pDA (14 mulheres) e vinte e dois EC (16 mulheres) foram submetidos a uma bateria neuropsicológica de testes avaliando o estado cognitivo global, e funções cognitivas específicas: memória, funções executivas e atencionais, fluência verbal e habilidades visoconstrutivas. Adicionalmente, habilidades funcionais (FAQ) e sintomas neuropsiquiátricos (NPI) foram avaliados. RESULTADOS: Teste estatístico de regressão linear indicou uma associação entre anosognosia e queixas subjetivas de memória, idade e aritmética-DRS no grupo controle. Por outro lado, aritmetica-DRS, IQCODE e FAQ (habilidades cognitivas e funcionais) foram melhores predictores nos pacientes com pDA, especificamente para consciência das alterações comportamentais. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados indicaram que diferentes variáveis estão associadas com auto-percepção nos pacientes com pDA e controles, porém para ambos os grupos parece que o funcionamento executivo tem um papel importante contribuindo principalmente na percepção das alterações comportamentais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Perception , Aging , Conscience , Dementia , Agnosia , Alzheimer Disease
9.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 62(3): 217-224, 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-690059

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Revisar sistematicamente desenhos de estudo, instrumentos de avaliação e fatores relacionados ao comprometimento dos domínios cognitivo e funcional da consciência do déficit em pessoas com doença de Alzheimer (DA). MÉTODO: Pesquisa nas bases de dados PubMed e ISI de estudos sobre consciência do déficit na DA publicados entre 2008 e 2013. As palavras-chave utilizadas foram: "dementia", "Alzheimer", "awareness", "awareness of memory" e "awareness of functioning", "deficits", "cognition". RESULTADOS: Os 10 artigos selecionados utilizaram os conceitos "falta de consciência do déficit", "anosognosia", "insight", "falta de consciência das dificuldades cognitivas" e "consciência limitada das deficiências". A etiologia do comprometimento da consciência do déficit foi relacionada a fatores biológicos como gravidade clínica da doença, associações neuroanatômicas, alterações neuropsiquiátricas e fatores psicológicos e sociais. O desenho de estudo mais utilizado foi o corte transversal. No domínio cognitivo, a memória e as funções executivas foram as duas principais funções investigadas. No domínio funcional, foram encontradas associações com a disfunção executiva, declínio da interação social, depressão e a influência do desempenho ocupacional. CONCLUSÕES: As distintas hipóteses etiológicas, a operacionalização variável do conceito e a falta de instrumentos de avaliação padronizados impossibilitam a obtenção de resultados homogêneos. Essas dificuldades comprometem a compreensão e a investigação dos domínios cognitivo e funcional.


OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the study designs, assessment measurements and factors related to the impairment of cognitive and functional domains of awareness of deficits in older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHOD: Search at PubMed and ISI databases about studies on awareness of deficit in AD, published from 2008 to 2013. We used the keywords "Dementia", "Alzheimer", "Awareness", "Awareness of memory" and "Awareness of Functioning", "deficits", "cognition". RESULTS: The ten articles selected used the concepts of "lack of awareness of deficits", "anosognosia", "insight", "lack of awareness of cognitive difficulties" and "limited awareness of disabilities". The etiology of impaired awareness of deficit was related to biological factors such as clinical severity, neuroanatomical associations, neuropsychiatric and psychological and social factors. The cross-sectional study design was the most used. In the cognitive domain, memory and executive functions were the two main functions investigated. In the functional domain, we found associations with executive dysfunction, social interaction decline, depression and influence of occupational performance. CONCLUSIONS: Homogeneous results are hindered by several etiological hypotheses, different terms' operationalization and lack of standardized assessment instruments. It affects the knowledge and investigation about cognitive and functional domains.

10.
Rev. chil. neuropsicol. (En línea) ; 7(2): 54-59, jul. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-714167

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se revisa y discute el síndrome de neglect considerando diferentes modelos teóricos explicativos; de dirección atencional, de asimetrías hemisféricas cerebrales, del sesgo atencional o el modelo de atención selectiva. Se consideran los aspectos cognitivos, emocionales y neuroconductuales. El Síndrome de Neglect generalmente es consecuencia de un accidente cerebrovascular, afecta al hemisferio cerebral derecho y señala directamente al lóbulo parietal. Este es el resultado de una definición anatómica vasta más que una unidad fisiológica o funcional. El síndrome se manifiesta por déficits en la atención perceptiva y en la respuesta a estímulos presentados en el hemicampo contralesional. Es un síndrome heterogéneo. Pese a la preponderancia de las teorías de déficits atencionales, las explicaciones de déficits perceptivos y de representación del espacio están presentes. Son variaciones del síndrome la heminatención, la extinción, la hemicinesia y el neglect hemiespacial. Se resalta la importancia de incluir los aspectos emocionales y neuroconductuales junto con los cognitivos y la rehabilitación motora en el proceso de rehabilitación neuropsicológica del síndrome. Son característicos los síntomas de anosognosia, extinción, desinhibición de conducta, conducta de utilización o la falta de afecto. En cuanto a la recuperación y a cómo ocurre esta, se discuten varias explicaciones alternativas y se apunta el papel de la motivación como factor importante en el éxito de los tratamientos.


This paper reviews the syndrome Neglect considering different theoretical models: attentional direction; of cerebral hemispheric asymmetry, attentional bias, selective attention model. The cognitive, emotional and neurobehavioral characteristics are high lighted. Neglect syndrome usually results from a stroke that affects the right cerebral hemisphere and points directly to the parietal lobe. This is the result of an extensive anatomical definition more than that one functional unit or physiological. The syndrome is manifested by deficits in attention and perceptual responses to stimuli presented in the contralesional hemispace. Neglect is a heterogeneous syndrome. Despite the preponderance of theories of the attentional deficit, explanations of perceptual deficits and representation of space are present. The syndrome manifestations are the heminatención, the extinction, the hemispatial hemicinesia and the neglect. They are very important the emotional aspects as the cognitive, neurobehavioral and motor rehabilitation, in the neuropsychological rehabilitation process of syndrome. Symptoms of anosognosia, extinction, behavioral disinhibition, and the utilization behavior or lack of affection are the most prominent in the syndrome. In terms of recovery, how to happen this? We discuss several alternative explanations and the role of motivation as an important factor in the success of treatments.


Subject(s)
Humans , Stroke/complications , Models, Neurological , Perceptual Disorders/pathology , Perceptual Disorders/rehabilitation , Affective Symptoms , Agnosia , Models, Theoretical , Neuropsychological Tests , Syndrome , Perceptual Disorders/etiology , Perceptual Disorders/physiopathology
11.
Journal of Clinical Neurology ; : 96-98, 2011.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-211520

ABSTRACT

Anton's syndrome is arguably the most striking form of anosognosia. Patients with this syndrome behave as if they can see despite their obvious blindness. Although best known for his description of asomatognosia and visual anosognosia, Gabriel Anton (1858-1933) made other significant contributions to the clinical neurosciences, including pioneering work in neurosurgery, neuropsychology, and child psychiatry. However, it has not been recognized in the English literature that Anton was also a dedicated advocate of eugenics and racial hygiene. This paper provides a case of Anton's syndrome and puts the works of Gabriel Anton into their historic context.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Blindness , Blindness, Cortical , Cerebral Infarction , Child Psychiatry , Endocarditis , Eugenics , Euthanasia , Hygiene , National Socialism , Neuropsychology , Neurosciences , Neurosurgery , Strikes, Employee
12.
Arch. chil. oftalmol ; 66(1): 49-53, 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-609946

ABSTRACT

Las manifestaciones clínicas del ACV son muy variables, no sólo la clásica hemiplejia facio-braquio-crural, déficit sensitivo contralateral y afasia, sino que también puede presentarse, en menos frecuencia, por déficit neurológicos de variada índole, tal es el caso del síndrome de Anton, en que debido a un afección del territorio cortical visual primario bilateral (área 17 de Brodmann) y al área de asociación vecina, caracterizado por ceguera cortical y anosognosia. Comunicamos el caso de un hombre que presenta este síndrome, que debido a dos ACVs, uno antiguo y otro reciente, cuyo diagnóstico fue confirmado por TAC de cerebro.


Clinical manifestations of stroke are highly variable, not only the classic hemiplegia facio-brachio-crural, contralateral sensory loss and aphasia, but can also occur, less frequently, neurological deficits of various kinds, as in the case of the syndrome in Anton, a condition that due to the territory bilateral primary visual cortex (Brodmann area 17) and the neighboring association area, characterized by cortical blindness and anosognosia. We report the case of a man who has this syndrome, due to two LCAs, one old and one recent, whose diagnosis was confirmed by brain CT.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Stroke/complications , Stroke , Blindness, Cortical/etiology , Blindness, Cortical , Cerebrum , Perceptual Disorders , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
13.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 60(1): 50-56, 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-581576

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar as definições, métodos de avaliação e hipóteses etiológicas utilizadas em estudos longitudinais sobre consciência da doença na demência do tipo Alzheimer. MÉTODO: Pesquisa, nas bases de dados Medline, ISI, Lilacs e SciELO, de estudos longitudinais sobre consciência da doença na demência do tipo Alzheimer entre 1999 e 2009. As palavras-chave utilizadas foram: "Alzheimer", "dementia", "anosognosia", "awareness of deficit", "awareness of disease", "insight" e "longitudinal study". Os artigos examinados foram classificados conforme as hipóteses etiológicas encontradas. RESULTADOS: Os nove artigos selecionados foram divididos em duas áreas: hipóteses etiológicas biológicas e hipóteses etiológicas psicossociais. Os termos "falta de consciência dos déficits", "consciência do déficit", "insight" e "negação do déficit de memória" são utilizados nos estudos como sinônimos do termo "anosognosia", mesmo sendo, conceitualmente, diferentes. O método de avaliação mais utilizado foi o uso de questionários de discrepância entre os relatos dos pacientes e cuidadores. CONCLUSÕES: Os estudos longitudinais apresentam hipóteses etiológicas heterogêneas, além da inexistência de um padrão conceitual e metodológico de avaliação. Essas dificuldades impossibilitam a obtenção de resultados homogêneos, o que gera a necessidade de aprofundamento dos estudos na área.


OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the definitions, assessment methods and etiological hypotheses used in longitudinal studies on awareness of disease in dementia of the Alzheimer type. METHOD: Search in Medline, ISI, Lilacs and SciELO database, looking for longitudinal studies about awareness of disease in dementia of the Alzheimer type between 1999 and 2009. The keywords used were "Alzheimer", "dementia", "anosognosia", "awareness of deficit", "awareness of disease", "insight" e "longitudinal study". The articles reviewed were classified according to the etiological hypotheses. RESULTS: Nine articles were selected and they were divided into two areas: biological etiological hypotheses and psychosocial etiological hypotheses. The terms "lack of awareness of deficits", "awareness of deficit", "insight" and "denial of memory" deficit were used as synonyms of "anosognosia", although conceptually different. The questionnaires discrepancy between patients and caregivers was the most used evaluation method. CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal studies show heterogeneous etiological hypotheses, a lack of a standard conceptual and methodological assessment. These difficulties make impossible to obtain homogeneous results. There is a need of further studies in the area.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Activities of Daily Living/psychology , Consciousness , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Self-Assessment , Memory Disorders/etiology , Dementia/diagnosis , Longitudinal Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
14.
Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (Impr.) ; 38(2): 57-60, 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-588222

ABSTRACT

CONTEXTO: A presença de déficits cognitivos e dos sintomas psicológicos e do comportamento nas demências torna o fenômeno da consciência da doença um objeto de estudo bastante complexo. Esse fenômeno tem sido mais investigado em estudos de corte transversal do que em estudos de corte longitudinal. OBJETIVO: Comparar o comprometimento da consciência da doença na doença de Alzheimer (DA) ao longo de seis meses. MÉTODO: Ao longo de seis meses, 18 pacientes com DA leve foram avaliados por meio da Escala de Avaliação do Impacto Psicossocial da Demência (AIPD), do Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM), do Estadiamento Clínico da Demência (CDR), da Escala Cornell para Depressão na Demência (Cornell), da Escala Qualidade de Vida na Doença de Alzheimer (QdV-DA) - versão paciente e do Questionário de Atividades Funcionais (Pfeffer). Os cuidadores foram avaliados com a Escala Zarit Burden Interview (Zarit) e a QdV-DA - versão cuidador. RESULTADOS: Ao final de seis meses, houve declínio no grau de consciência da doença (p = 0,02), no estado cognitivo (p < 0,01), nas atividades funcionais (p < 0,01) e no estadiamento clínico da doença (p < 0,01) e aumento dos sintomas depressivos (p < 0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Há comprometimento da consciência da doença e déficits cognitivos e funcionais à medida que a gravidade da demência aumenta.


BACKGROUND: The presence of cognitive deficits and behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia makes the phenomenon of awareness of disease a rather complex object of study. This phenomenon has been most studied in cross-sectional studies than in longitudinal studies. OBJECTIVE: To compare awareness of disease in Alzheimer's patients over six months. METHODS: Early-stage Alzheimer's disease patients (n = 18) were evaluated over six months using Scale of Psychosocial Impact of the Diagnosis of Dementia (ASPIDD), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Cornell Depression Scale in Dementia (Cornell), Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease (QoL-AD - patient's version) and Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire (PFAQ) and caregivers were assessed using Zarit Burden Interview (Zarit) and QoL-AD - caregiver's version. RESULTS: At six months' observation, there was a decline in the degree of awareness of disease (p = 0,02), in cognitive status (p < 0.01), in functional activities (p < 0.01), in clinical staging of the dementia (p < 0.01) and an increase in depressive symptoms (p < 0.01). DISCUSSION: As the severity of dementia increases, there is also impaired awareness of disease, together with cognitive and functional deficits.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Consciousness , Dementia/psychology , Alzheimer Disease/psychology
15.
Rev. chil. neuropsicol. (En línea) ; 4(2): 91-98, dic. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-561803

ABSTRACT

¿Qué es la Anosognosia? Esta se puede definir como un desorden neuropsicológico el cual lleva al paciente a desconocer un déficit que sufre, debido a una lesión cerebral. Sin embargo, resulta problemático definir dicho fenómeno, pues hay conceptos como negación, confabulación y negligencia, que pueden en parte explicarla, pero ¿Son estos necesarios y/o suficientes para definir el fenómeno? Al parecer, con base en toda la información clínica, hay que trabajar en una clarificación conceptual pendiente. Este artículo parte de la pregunta inicial como problema central y pretende contribuir a dicha clarificación. Para realizar lo anterior se divide el trabajo en tres partes: Primero, se hará un análisis del concepto central, Segundo, se considerarán de forma general las posibles respuestas a la pregunta desde dos marcos conceptuales y desde el psicoanálisis, Tercero y último, para concluir se realizará una síntesis de los principales puntos discutidos.


What is Anosognosia? This can be defined as a neuropsychological disorder which produces in the patient an unawareness of a deficit from which he suffers, caused by a cerebral injury. Nonetheless, the definition of the phenomenon is a problematic issue, because there are some concepts as denial, confabulation and neglect, on terms of which a definition can be build up, but ¿Are these concepts necessary and/or sufficient to define the phenomenon? It seems that, taking into account the clinical information, the definition of the main concept is an issue worth while (necessary!) working on. To address the problematic issue, this paper is divided into three parts: The first will focus on the analysis of the main concept, the second will considerate the possible general answers to the main question from two conceptual frameworks and also from psychoanalysis, and the third and last, will offer a conclusion taking into account the main points of the discussion.


Subject(s)
Humans , Denial, Psychological , Perceptual Disorders/physiopathology , Perceptual Disorders/psychology , Agnosia/physiopathology , Agnosia/psychology , Consciousness Disorders , Psychoanalysis
16.
Rev. latinoam. psicol ; 39(1): 63-73, mar. 2007. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-637044

ABSTRACT

In this article we will analyse the possibility of studying consciousness and the related brain structures, considering the data from patients with awareness deficits. We describe a clinical syndrome in which the patient loses the knowledge of his/her physical and/or cognitive state, called anosognosia. The article emphasises the description of this important syndrome in Alzheimer's Disease.


En este artículo expone la viabilidad de estudiar la conciencia y las estructuras cerebrales que la subyacen, paradójicamente, a partir de observaciones de pacientes con defectos en la capacidad de "ser concientes". Se presenta la Anosognosia, un síndrome clínico caracterizado por la pérdida del conocimiento del propio estado físico y/o cognoscitivo. Se describe este síndrome en la Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA).

17.
Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice ; (12): 394-395, 2002.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-985850

ABSTRACT

@#ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features, mechanism and cerebral functional correlation of hemianopic anosognosia.Methods16 patients with homonymous visual field defects due to ischemic infarcts were examined on visual field and MMSE. The neuropsychological tests were administered such as hemianopic awareness and visual neglect. The facts were analyzed with the location of ischemic infarct documented by MRI or CT. Results10 of 16 patients with hemianopia had anosognosia of their visual deficit. 8 of 13 right side lesion patients had hemianopic anosognosia. 2 of 3 left side lesion patients had hemianopia anosognosia. 3 of 6 awareness hemianopia patients had visual hemineglect. 7 of 10 hemianopic anosognosia patients had larger infarction of middle cerebral artery. 3 else had smaller infarction in the occipital lobe or in the connective area between the occipital and temporal lobes.ConclusionsThere is no specific cortical area for conscious visual perception. Visual awareness is processed by a distributed network including multiple cortices and subcortices. Both hemispheres are involved in visual processing and conscious awareness.

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